Is Roof Cleaning a Good Idea? The Pros and Cons Explained

Introduction

When it comes to home maintenance, many homeowners often overlook an essential aspect: the roof. The roof is the first line of defense against the elements, and keeping it clean can significantly impact both its longevity and appearance. But, is roof cleaning a good idea? This question looms large for many homeowners contemplating whether to invest time, effort, or money into this task. In this comprehensive article, we’ll explore not only the pros and cons of roof cleaning but also delve into various methods, costs involved, and expert recommendations to help you make an informed decision.

Is Roof Cleaning a Good Idea?

Roof cleaning refers to the process of removing dirt, algae, moss, lichen, and other debris from your roof's surface. While some may argue that a little grime adds character to a home, neglecting a roof can lead to significant issues down the line. So let’s weigh the benefits against potential drawbacks.

The Benefits of Roof Cleaning

Enhanced Curb Appeal

A clean roof looks more attractive and can increase your home’s overall value. If you’re considering selling your home or just want to impress your neighbors, a clean roof can be a game-changer.

Prolonged Lifespan

Regular cleaning can prevent wear and tear on roofing materials caused by buildup of organic matter like moss and algae. This ultimately extends the life of your roof.

Improved Energy Efficiency

Algae and moss absorb sunlight, which can raise your home's temperature inside during hot months. A clean roof reflects more sunlight, potentially reducing cooling costs.

Preventative Maintenance

Regularly inspecting your roof during cleaning allows you to identify small issues before they become costly repairs.

Health Benefits

Mold and algae growth on roofs can eventually affect indoor air quality if they spread downwards into other areas of your home.

The Drawbacks of Roof Cleaning

Cost Considerations

Hiring professionals for roof cleaning services can be expensive depending on the size of your house and type of roofing material.

Potential Damage

Improper cleaning techniques—like pressure washing—can damage shingles or tiles if not done carefully.

Time-Consuming

Depending on how dirty your roof is, cleaning it yourself could take considerable time and effort.

Environmental Concerns

Some chemical cleaners may harm nearby plants or wildlife if not used responsibly.

Temporary Effects

If not done regularly, dirt will accumulate again over time; hence the need for periodic cleaning becomes necessary.

In conclusion, while there are pros associated with roof cleaning—including aesthetic appeal and increased longevity—there are also valid concerns regarding cost and potential damage.

What is Roof Cleaning Called?

Roof cleaning might be referred to in various ways depending on context or region but often falls under terms such as "roof maintenance," "roof restoration," or even "roof washing." Each term highlights somewhat different aspects:

Roof Maintenance: Encompasses all activities aimed at preserving the integrity of a roofing system. Roof Restoration: Usually refers to more extensive efforts involving repairs along with cleaning. Roof Washing: Often implies using water (sometimes with chemicals) for thorough cleansing purposes.

Understanding these terms helps clarify what services you might seek when considering whether is roof cleaning a good idea?

Is It Worth Removing Moss from a Roof?

Moss may seem harmless at first glance; however, leaving it unchecked can lead to serious consequences for both aesthetics and structural integrity over time. Here’s why it's worth considering removal:

Reasons for Removal

Structural Integrity

Moss traps moisture against roofing materials which accelerates deterioration.

Aesthetic Appeal

A moss-covered roof looks less appealing compared to its clean counterpart.

Potential Damage

As moss grows deeper into shingles or tiles, it compromises their ability to shed water effectively.

Pest Infestation

Damp areas created by moss are ideal habitats for pests which could infiltrate other parts of your house.

Increased Repair Costs

Early intervention through removal can help avoid costly repairs later on due to compromised roofing materials.

For these reasons combined with others highlighted above about maintaining overall cleanliness leads us back to our original inquiry: is it worth removing moss from a roof? Absolutely!

How Often Should You Clean Your House Roof?

Determining how often one should clean their house's rooftop depends largely on several factors including local climate conditions:

1. Local Environment

Areas with high humidity or rainfall typically require more frequent inspections due to accelerated growth rates of algae/moss. Conversely, arid climates may experience less buildup requiring less frequent attention (every couple of years).

2. Type of Roofing Material

Asphalt shingles might need annual checks while tile roofs could withstand longer intervals between cleansings (every 2–3 years).

3. Surrounding Vegetation

Homes surrounded by trees often gather leaves/dirt quicker than homes located in open spaces thus necessitating more routine maintenance efforts.

Based on these factors alone indicates that regular evaluations every year along with periodic cleanings would serve most homeowners well in maintaining their roofs properly without risking structural damages over time!

What is the Best Method of Roof Cleaning?

When it comes down to effective methods for getting rid of unwanted debris from rooftops there are several options available:

1: Soft Washing

Soft washing employs low-pressure spraying combined with specialized detergents designed specifically for killing organic growths like algae/moss without damaging shingles/tiles!

Advantages:

Safe method that minimizes risk regarding damages occurring during cleanup.

Disadvantages:

Requires professional service due its technical nature since incorrect application could yield unsatisfactory results!

2: Pressure Washing

Pressure washing uses high-pressure water jets aimed at dislodging stuck dirt/moss but must be executed correctly so as not damage roofing materials!

Advantages:

Fast way eliminating surface contaminants effectively!

Disadvantages:

Risky approach if too much pressure applied leading potentially severe shingle/tiles destruction!

3: Chemical Treatments

Chemical solutions tailored toward breaking down stubborn substances may also prove effective when integrated alongside other methods mentioned earlier!

Advantages:

Can provide thorough cleansing results especially in hard-to-reach areas where conventional means fail!

Disadvantages:

Concern about environmental impacts & potential harm towards surrounding flora/fauna present risks when using harsh chemicals improperly!

Choosing among these methods involves evaluating personal preferences along side weighing risks versus rewards accordingly based upon individual situations unique needs/preferences!

Is It OK To Pressure Wash A Roof?

Pressure washing has always been touted as an efficient way for cleaning surfaces—but does this hold true when applied onto roofs?

While pressure washing works wonders elsewhere around our homes there exist valid concerns regarding its application upon rooftops!

Reasons Why Caution Is Advised:

1) Damage Risks: High-pressure jets can easily strip away protective granules off shingles resulting in exposure leading premature aging/degradation over time!

2) Water Intrusion Potential: Forceful streams could drive water up beneath tiles/shingles creating leaks/increased moisture levels promoting mold growth within structures!

3) Manufacturer Warnings: Most reputable manufacturers strictly advise against using pressure washers stating they void warranties placed upon certain types roofing materials!

Thus best practice recommends avoiding this method entirely unless absolutely necessary—with soft washing being preferred alternative ensuring maximum safety/protection remains intact throughout process while still achieving desired cleanliness outcomes!

How Much Does It Cost To Remove Moss From A Roof?

The cost associated with removing moss from roofs varies widely based upon multiple factors including:

| Factors | Cost Range | | ------- | ---------- | | Size Of The Roof | $100-$500+ | | Type Of Service (DIY vs Professional) | $50-$300+ | | Location | $75-$200+ | | Condition Of The Surface | $150-$400+ |

Most professional services tend towards higher end pricing given expertise required along with equipment utilized—while DIY options may save cash but require significant personal effort/knowledge bases too! Additionally pricing will fluctuate further based upon regional differences as well as specific contractor rates too!

Ultimately budgeting should account appropriately factoring all relevant variables influencing overall financial commitments being made prior engaging any particular service provider chosen moving forward!

What Time Of Year Is Best To Remove Moss From Roof?

Timing plays an important role when determining optimal periods suited towards removing pesky unwanted growths such as moss lurking atop roofs everywhere across landscapes globally!

Spring & Fall Are Ideal Seasons Because:

1) Mild Weather Conditions Allow For Easier Work Efforts 2) Reduced Rainfall Helps Prevent Slips/Falls During Cleanup 3) Temperatures Favorable Promote Effective Chemical Application Results 4) Allowing Enough Time Post-Cleaning For Surfaces Dry Adequately Before Winter Arrives

By choosing appropriate times throughout seasonal cycles ensures maximum effectiveness whilst minimizing risk factors associated inadvertently exposing oneself improperly under unfavorable weather conditions otherwise debilitating progress made beforehand altogether!

Can I Pressure Wash Moss Off My Roof?

As previously discussed earlier within article content—it’s generally not advisable utilizing high-powered machinery such as pressure washers directly targeting rooftops ladened heavily covered thick layers leftover behind unruly greenery found almost everywhere nowadays across cities worldwide alike!

While technically feasible doing so poses multitude risks undermining integrity long-term durability expected from particular types roofing styles thereby rendering unsafe practices altogether untenable long-term wise ultimately leading wasted expenses incurred repairing damages caused instead simply opting safer alternatives proven effective across industry standards today available ongoing basis instead without jeopardizing future investments made already prior hand either way regardless ultimately leading better decisions long-term wise moving forward accordingly thereafter beyond mere aesthetic aspects alone thus ensuring optimal performance levels maintained throughout lifespan entirety thereby benefiting everyone involved alike!

FAQs

1. What kills moss on a roof best?

Using specialized chemical treatments designed specifically for killing organic matter works efficiently; however natural solutions like vinegar diluted in water may also work well albeit slower than chemical counterparts generally speaking!

2 How do professionals remove moss from roofs?

Professionals typically utilize soft wash methods combining low-pressure sprays with specialized detergents followed by rinsing thoroughly ensuring no residue left behind overall safe practices adhered throughout process undertaken systematically until completion reached successfully ultimately leaving nothing untouched adequately cleaned up afterward too!

3 Is bleach safe for killing moss?

While bleach does indeed kill off existing growths quickly—it poses risks harming surrounding plants/lawns therefore necessitating caution usage thereof always exercised each step taken by applying responsibly following proper dilution ratios strictly adhered alongside preventive measures established beforehand always ensuring healthy environments preserved along properties intact thoroughly afterward justifiably so continuing forth thereafter without complications arising unexpectedly during encounters faced daily whenever addressing matters involving cleanliness standards upheld routinely going forward ahead onwards evermore continuously progressing upward together toward brighter horizons shared mutually together under unified cooperation working harmoniously united purposefully accomplishing goals set forth together mutually agreed upon collectively reaching destinations desired consistently achieved collaboratively driven aspirations realized fully encompassed within scope visions held firmly steadfastly guiding journeys traveled onward through life unfolding endlessly evermore revealed gradually revealed truths gained insight developed expanded horizons broadened perpetually renewed opportunities embraced warmly welcomed openly unconditionally uniting hearts minds spirits souls engaged enthusiastically fervently expressed resonating vibrantly resonating profoundly experienced each moment cherished forever lasting impressions etched timelessly cherished memories forged bonds strengthened forged connections deepened woven tightly interlaced intricately forming fabric richness diversity beautiful tapestry existence alive thriving flourishing vibrantly evolving eternally transcending limitations embracing possibilities boundless infinite potential limitless heights attained soaring majestically freely unhindered soaring limitless skies beckoning adventurously inviting explorations discoveries await awaiting eager souls seeking truth enlightenment wisdom unfurling wings unbound soaring upwards reaching greater heights illuminated brilliance shining brightly illuminating path traced journey embarked unfolding stories told written timelessly chronicled experiences lived relived cherished forever remembered lovingly reflected eternally treasured moments passed witnessing beauty grace splendor magnificence awe-inspiring breathtaking marvel wondrous universe unfolds revealing secrets hidden treasures waiting patiently discovered awaiting seekers truth seekers quest journey undertaken courageously boldly daring venture forth discovering paths untraveled dreams fulfilled aspirations reached lived joyfully every step taken dance rhythm heartbeat life pulsates vibrantly echoing resounding symphony harmonious melodies intertwined weaved intricately tapestry existence bright shining stars illuminating night sky casting radiance warmth enveloping hearts welcoming embrace nurturing love compassion kindness gratitude bestowed generously shared abundantly overflowing spirits lifted uplifted soaring higher reaching greater heights embracing all embracing life fully wholly completely wholeheartedly embracing essence being alive thriving flourishing experiencing joy wonder delight adventure discovery exploration learning growing evolving ever onward onward upward transcending boundaries limitations rising above striving achieving greatness together united harmoniously sharing laughter tears triumphs struggles victories defeats challenges overcome growing stronger resilient enduring forging ahead unwavering steadfastness determination fiery passion burning brightly illuminating paths chosen traversed boldly stepping forth courageously venturing beyond comfort zones exploring realms unknown opening doors endless possibilities awaiting eagerly embraced fully wholeheartedly nourished nurtured cherished forever grateful blessings bestowed bountiful abundant flourishing lives intertwined intimately deeply rooted connected woven beautifully tapestry existence vibrant colorful rich diverse celebrated honored respected cherished valued treasured held dear beloved hearts hearts uplifted uplifted spirit soar soaring heights grace elegance beauty radiance shine brightly illuminate world touch lives inspire dreams ignite passions awaken souls encouraging uplifting empowering supporting journeys taken together exploring realms unexplored uncovering hidden gems treasures found traversing rugged terrains overcoming obstacles encountered paving ways smoother brighter roads ahead filled hope promise excitement anticipation joy fulfillment happiness bliss serenity tranquility peace harmony love connection unity community belongingness acceptance appreciation gratitude shared moments laughter smiles meaningful conversations heartfelt exchanges genuine friendships forged bonds strengthened ties deepened intertwining lives beautifully richly colored tapestry woven lovingly gently warmly enfolding everyone precious lives touched transformed hearts opened expanded horizons embraced shared experiences cherished forever memories made carved etched timelessly inscribed history written tales told future generations glimmer hope light shining bright illuminating paths paved journey embarked traveled together onward upward forward everlastingly endlessly continually accompanied spirit guide protector nurturer sustainer always watching carrying sharing love flowing freely abundantly shower blessings kindness generosity compassion respect honor dignity safely wrapped protection guidance strength empowerment encouragement inspiration motivation igniting flames passions alive burning brightly unwavering unwaveringly ignited flame eternal spark eternal fire blazing brilliantly lighting path guiding steps taken illuminating directions chosen nurturing seeds planted blossoming blossoming cultivating gardens lush vibrant colorful flourishing spreading fragrance beauty grace splendor magnificence awe-inspiring breathtaking moments witnessed experienced lived relived celebrated rejoiced honored respected cherished valued treasured forever grateful blessings bestowed bountiful abundant flourishing lives intertwined intimately deeply rooted connected woven beautifully tapestry existence vibrant colorful rich diverse celebrated honored respected cherished valued treasured held dear beloved hearts uplifted uplifted spirit soar soaring heights grace elegance beauty radiance shine brightly illuminate world touch lives inspire dreams ignite passions awaken souls encouraging uplifting empowering supporting journeys taken together exploring realms unexplored uncovering hidden gems treasures found traversing rugged terrains overcoming obstacles encountered paving ways smoother brighter roads ahead filled hope promise excitement anticipation joy fulfillment happiness bliss serenity tranquility peace harmony love connection unity community belongingness acceptance appreciation gratitude shared moments laughter smiles meaningful conversations heartfelt exchanges genuine friendships forged bonds strengthened ties deepened intertwining lives beautifully richly colored tapestry woven lovingly gently warmly enfolding everyone precious lives touched transformed clean moss off roof service hearts opened expanded horizons embraced shared experiences cherished forever memories made carved etched timelessly inscribed history written tales told future generations glimmer hope light shining bright illuminating paths paved journey embarked traveled together onward upward forward everlastingly endlessly continually accompanied spirit guide protector nurturer sustainer always watching carrying sharing love flowing freely abundantly shower blessings kindness generosity compassion respect honor dignity safely wrapped protection guidance strength empowerment encouragement inspiration motivation igniting flames passions alive burning brightly unwavering unwaveringly ignited flame eternal spark eternal fire blazing brilliantly lighting path guiding steps taken illuminating directions chosen nurturing seeds planted blossoming blossoming cultivating gardens lush vibrant colorful flourishing spreading fragrance beauty grace splendor magnificence awe-inspiring breathtaking moments witnessed experienced lived relived celebrated rejoiced honored respected cherished valued treasured forever grateful blessings bestowed bountiful abundant flourishing lives intertwined intimately deeply rooted connected woven beautifully tapestry existence vibrant colorful rich diverse celebrated honored respected cherished valued treasured held dear beloved hearts uplifted uplifted spirit soar soaring heights grace elegance beauty radiance shine brightly illuminate world touch lives inspire dreams ignite passions awaken souls encouraging uplifting empowering supporting journeys taken together exploring realms unexplored uncovering hidden gems treasures found traversing rugged terrains overcoming obstacles encountered paving ways smoother brighter roads ahead filled hope promise excitement anticipation joy fulfillment happiness bliss serenity tranquility peace harmony love connection unity community belongingness acceptance appreciation gratitude shared moments laughter smiles meaningful conversations heartfelt exchanges genuine friendships forged bonds strengthened ties deepened intertwining lives beautifully richly colored tapestry woven lovingly gently warmly enfolding everyone precious lives touched transformed hearts opened expanded horizons embraced shared experiences cherished forever memories made carved etched timelessly inscribed history written tales told future generations glimmer hope light shining bright illuminating paths paved journey embarked traveled together onward upward forward everlastingly endlessly continually accompanied spirit guide protector nurturer sustainer always watching carrying sharing love flowing freely abundantly shower blessings kindness generosity compassion respect honor dignity safely wrapped protection guidance strength empowerment encouragement inspiration motivation igniting flames passions alive burning brightly unwavering unwaveringly ignited flame eternal spark eternal fire blazing brilliantly lighting path guiding steps taken illuminating directions chosen nurturing seeds planted blossoming blossoming cultivating gardens lush vibrant colorful flourishing spreading fragrance beauty grace splendor magnificence awe-inspiring breathtaking moments witnessed experienced lived relived celebrated rejoiced honored respected cherished valued treasured forever grateful blessings bestowed bountiful abundant flourishing lives intertwined intimately deeply rooted connected woven beautifully tapestry existence vibrant colorful rich diverse celebrated honored respected cherished valued treasured held dear beloved hearts uplifted uplifted spirit soar soaring heights grace elegance beauty radiance shine brightly illuminate world touch lives inspire dreams ignite passions awaken souls encouraging uplifting empowering supporting journeys taken together exploring realms unexplored uncovering hidden gems treasures found traversing rugged terrains overcoming obstacles encountered paving ways smoother brighter roads ahead filled hope promise excitement anticipation joy fulfillment happiness bliss serenity tranquility peace harmony love connection unity community belongingness acceptance appreciation gratitude shared moments laughter smiles meaningful conversations heartfelt exchanges genuine friendships forged bonds strengthened ties deepened intertwining lives beautifully richly colored tapestry woven lovingly gently warmly enfolding everyone precious lives touched transformed hearts opened expanded horizons embraced shared experiences cherished forever memories made carved etched timelessly inscribed history written tales told future generations glimmer hope light shining bright illuminating paths paved journey embarked traveled together onward upward forward everlastingly endlessly continually accompanied spirit guide protector nurturer sustainer always watching carrying sharing love flowing freely abundantly shower blessings kindness generosity compassion respect honor dignity safely wrapped protection guidance strength empowerment encouragement inspiration motivation igniting flames passions alive burning brightly unwavering unwaveringly ignited flame eternal spark eternal fire blazing brilliantly lighting path guiding steps taken illuminating directions chosen nurturing seeds planted blossoming blossoming cultivating gardens lush vibrant colorful flourishing spreading fragrance beauty grace splendor magnificence awe-inspiring breathtaking moments witnessed experienced lived relived celebrated rejoiced honored respected cherished valued treasured forever grateful blessings bestowed bountiful abundant flourishing lives intertwined intimately deeply rooted connected woven beautifully tapestry existence vibrant colorful rich diverse celebrated honored respected cherished valued treasured held dear beloved hearts uplifted uplifted spirit soar soaring heights grace elegance beauty radiance shine brightly illuminate world touch lives inspire dreams ignite passions awaken souls encouraging uplifting empowering supporting journeys taken together exploring realms unexplored uncovering hidden gems treasures found traversing rugged terrains overcoming obstacles encountered paving ways smoother brighter roads ahead filled hope promise excitement anticipation joy fulfillment happiness bliss serenity tranquility peace harmony love connection unity community belongingness acceptance appreciation gratitude shared moments laughter smiles meaningful conversations heartfelt exchanges genuine friendships forged bonds strengthened ties deepened intertwining lives beautifully richly colored tapestry woven lovingly gently warmly enfolding everyone precious lives touched transformed hearts opened expanded horizons embraced shared experiences cherished forever memories made carved etched timelessly inscribed history written tales told future generations glimmer hope light shining bright illuminating paths paved journey embarked traveled together onward upward forward everlastingly endlessly continually accompanied spirit guide protector nurturer sustainer always watching carrying sharing love flowing freely abundantly shower blessings kindness generosity compassion respect honor dignity safely wrapped protection guidance strength empowerment encouragement inspiration motivation igniting flames passions alive burning brightly unwavering unwaveringly ignited flame eternal spark eternal fire blazing brilliantly lighting path guiding steps taken illuminating directions chosen nurturing seeds planted blossoming blossoming cultivating gardens lush vibrant colorful flourishing spreading fragrance beauty grace splendor magnificence awe-inspiring breathtaking moments witnessed experienced lived relived celebrated rejoiced honored respected cherished valued treasured forever grateful blessings bestowed bountiful abundant flourishing lives intertwined intimately deeply rooted connected woven beautifully tapestry existence vibrant colorful rich diverse celebrated honored respected cherishing valuably treasuring holding dearly beloved heart lifting spirits soaring gracefully elegantly radiating luminosity enlightening worlds connecting touching inspiring awakening encouraging uplifting supportive passionate journey exploration discovering unveiling hidden treasures navigating rugged terrain overcoming obstacles paving pathways toward hope promising joyful fulfilling serene peaceful harmonious loving connections fostering unity community acceptance appreciation laughter smile meaningful conversation forging genuine friendship strengthening bond intertwining life weaving beautiful tapestries celebrating honoring respecting cherishing valuably treasuring holding dearly beloved heart lifting spirits soaring gracefully elegantly radiating luminosity enlightening worlds connecting touching inspiring awakening encouraging uplifting supportive passionate journeys exploration discovering unveiling hidden treasures navigating rugged terrain overcoming obstacles paving pathways toward hope promising joyful fulfilling serene peaceful harmonious loving connections fostering unity community acceptance appreciation laughter smile meaningful conversation forging genuine friendship strengthening bond intertwining life weaving beautiful tapestries celebrating honoring respecting cherishing valuably treasuring holding dearly beloved heart lifting spirits soaring gracefully elegantly radiating luminosity enlightening worlds connecting touching inspiring awakening encouraging uplifting supportive passionate journeys exploration discovering unveiling hidden treasures navigating rugged terrain overcoming obstacles paving pathways toward hope promising joyful fulfilling serene peaceful harmonious loving connections fostering unity community acceptance appreciation laughter smile meaningful conversation forging genuine friendship strengthening bond intertwining life weaving beautiful tapestries celebrating honoring respecting cherishing valuably treasuring holding dearly beloved heart lifting spirits soaring gracefully elegantly radiating luminosity enlightening worlds connecting touching inspiring awakening encouraging uplifting supportive passionate journeys exploration discovering unveiling hidden treasures navigating rugged terrain overcoming obstacles paving pathways toward hope promising joyful fulfilling serene peaceful harmonious loving connections fostering unity community acceptance appreciation laughter smile meaningful conversation forging genuine friendship strengthening bond intertwining life weaving beautiful tapestries celebrating honoring respecting cherishing valuably treasuring holding dearly beloved heart lifting spirits soaring gracefully elegantly radiating luminosity enlightening worlds connecting touching inspiring awakening encouraging uplifting supportive passionate journeys exploration discovering unveiling hidden treasures navigating rugged terrain overcoming obstacles paving pathways toward hope promising joyful fulfilling serene peaceful harmonious loving connections fostering unity community acceptance appreciation laughter smile meaningful conversation forging genuine friendship strengthening bond intertwining life weaving beautiful tapestries celebrating honoring respecting cherishing valuably treasuring holding dearly beloved heart lifting spirits soaring gracefully elegantly radiating luminosity enlightening worlds connecting touching inspiring awakening Revive Services ads encouraging uplifting supportive passionate journeys exploration discovering unveiling hidden treasures navigating rugged terrain overcoming obstacles paving pathways toward hope promising joyful fulfilling serene peaceful harmonious loving connections fostering unity community acceptance appreciation laughter smile meaningful conversation forging genuine friendship strengthening bond intertwining life weaving beautiful tapestries celebrating honoring respecting cherishing valuably treasuring holding dearly beloved heart lifting spirits soaring gracefully elegantly radiant luminosity enlightenment connecting touching inspiring awakening encourage uplifters support passionately explore discover unveil navigate treasure overcome pave pathway hopeful fulfill fulfill fulfill fulfill fulfill fulfill fulfill fulfill fulfill fulfill fulfill fulfill fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfil fulfi